This audit service, regulated by Auditing Standard (SA) 200 (Revised 2021) issued by the Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (IAPI), is an independent service provided by auditors to obtain reasonable assurance regarding an entity's historical financial statements. This service aims to provide an opinion on whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework (such as SAK or IFRS), and are free from material misstatement due to fraud or error. An audit provides reasonable assurance, higher than a review (limited assurance) or compilation (non-assurance), through procedures designed to reduce the risk of a materially incorrect opinion to a low level.

Objectives for Users

The primary objective of audit services for users (such as investors, creditors, regulators, or stakeholders) is to increase the level of confidence in the reliability of the financial statements, thereby supporting more secure and informed economic decision-making. Users benefit as follows:

• Reasonable assurance on reliability:

The auditor's opinion helps confirm that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, reducing the risk of uncertainty due to fraud or error.

• Transparency and credibility:

Enhances market confidence, facilitates access to capital, loans, or regulatory compliance, and supports analysis of an entity's financial position and performance.

• Governance value-added:

Communication of audit findings, such as internal control deficiencies and key audit matters, helps management improve internal processes.

Overall, this service provides added value through an independent opinion without absolute assurance, with an emphasis on management's responsibility. If lower assurance is required, users can choose a review or compilation.

Review services are regulated by Review Engagement Standard (SPR) 2400 (Revised 2023) issued by the Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (IAPI). These services are provided by public accountants (practitioners) to obtain limited assurance on an entity's historical financial statements. This service involves conducting inquiries of management and other individuals responsible for financial information, as well as analytical procedures, without extensive audit procedures. This process aims to identify whether anything has come to the practitioner's attention that causes them to believe that the financial statements are not fairly presented, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework (such as SAK or IFRS).

User Objectives

The primary objective of review services for users (such as management, owners, creditors, or regulators) is to obtain limited assurance on the fairness of the historical financial statements, which supports more informed economic decision-making than without assurance, but is more efficient than an audit. Users receive the following benefits:

•  Limited assurance on reliability:
    Helps identify potential material errors, making the financial statements more reliable for internal analysis, credit applications, or external reporting.

• •  Moderate efficiency and cost:

    Cheaper and faster than an audit, suitable for small-to-medium-sized entities or recurring engagements requiring moderate assurance.

•  Transparency and communication:
    The practitioner's report explains the nature of the review, management's responsibilities, and its limitations, allowing users to assess the risks themselves without relying entirely on the practitioner.

Overall, this service enhances the credibility of the financial statements without claiming full assurance, emphasizing management's responsibilities. If higher assurance is required, users are advised to turn to an audit.

This service is regulated by the Related Services Standard (SJT) 4410 issued by the Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (IAPI). It is a service provided by a public accountant to prepare one or more financial statements based on information provided by the entity's management. This service does not involve performing audit procedures, review procedures, or other accounting procedures that provide a level of assurance regarding the reliability of the financial statements. In contrast, public accountants simply collect, classify, and present such information in accordance with a generally accepted financial reporting framework (such as SAK UMKM, SAK Entitas Privat (SAKEP), or SAK Umum (IFRS).

User Objectives

The primary objective of compilation services for users (such as entity management, owners, or third parties) is to obtain professionally prepared and structured financial reports based on internal data, which can be used for internal purposes (e.g., management planning, operational monitoring) or external purposes (e.g., bank loan applications or simple reporting to stakeholders). Users benefit as follows:

• Clear presentation of information:

Helps management present financial data consistently and in accordance with standards, thereby facilitating internal analysis and communication with external parties.

• Awareness of limitations:

Users are warned that reports are not verified, so they can assess their own risks and not rely solely on public accountants for the reliability of the data.

Overall, this service promotes transparency of financial information, without making claims of assurance, and emphasizes management's responsibility for the accuracy of the data provided. If further assurance is needed, users are advised to consult an audit or review service.

Investigative audit services, or more accurately referred to as investigative services in accordance with the Investigative Services Standards (SJI) issued by the Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (IAPI), are services provided by public accountants to conduct in-depth examinations of suspected fraud, material errors, or other specific financial issues. SJI, which became effective January 1, 2022, regulates investigative engagements that are not routine assurance engagements like financial statement audits, but instead focus on gathering investigative evidence for legal, litigation, or recovery purposes. These services include elements of forensic accounting, where public accountants act as independent experts to analyze transactions, documents, and financial data to identify patterns of fraud or irregularities.

User Objectives
The primary objective of investigative audit services for users (such as entity management, shareholders, creditors, or legal authorities) is to obtain credible evidence and in-depth analysis to address suspected fraud or financial disputes, thereby supporting strategic decision-making or remedial action. Users benefit from the following:

• Recovery and loss prevention: 

Identification and quantification of financial losses resulting from fraud, assisting in asset recovery through litigation or insurance.

• Legal support and credibility: 

Investigative reports that can be used as evidence in court, increasing stakeholder trust and meeting regulatory obligations.

• Improved governance: 

Recommendations to strengthen internal controls, prevent recurrent fraud, and increase operational transparency.

Overall, this service provides added value through an independent, forensic approach, helping users manage ethical and financial risks without requiring full assurance. If necessary, it can be combined with routine audit services for ongoing monitoring.

Performance audit services evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of resource utilization to achieve the objectives of an organization's programs or activities. These services differ from financial audits because they focus on operational aspects and performance, not just the accuracy of figures. They aim to provide an opinion on the achievement of key performance indicators (KPIs) and identify areas for improvement.

• Public accountants' responsibilities include independence, objectivity, confidentiality of information, and adherence to professional ethics, while management is responsible for the data and the implementation of recommendations. These services are assurance-based, with professional skepticism applied to detect inefficiencies or irregularities.
   
• User Objectives
  The primary objective of performance audit services for users (such as government management, state-owned enterprises, or public stakeholders) is to improve accountability and transparency through objective performance evaluations, thereby supporting resource optimization and strategic decision-making. Users benefit as follows:
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• Performance evaluation and improvement: 
• Assessing KPI achievement, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and providing actionable recommendations for cost savings and increasing program effectiveness.
   
• Improved operational efficiency: 
• Detecting inefficiencies or risks, helping to better allocate resources and prevent waste.
   
• Trust and compliance: 
• Enhance public confidence and meet regulatory obligations for annual or special audits, particularly in the public sector.

Overall, this service provides long-term added value with a focus on tangible results, without absolute guarantees, and is recommended in combination with a financial audit for a holistic evaluation.

• Business consulting services, as stipulated in the Consulting Services Standards (SJK) issued by the Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (IAPI) and effective for engagements starting January 1, 2022, are non-assurance services provided by public accountants to apply professional expertise in accounting, financial reporting, taxation, corporate governance, strategic management, internal audit, and other related fields to assist clients in addressing specific business issues. These services include various forms such as consulting (oral/written advice), professional advice, solution implementation, transaction support, and product development, with a focus on increasing business value without providing assurance on the reliability of information.
   
• User Objectives
  The primary objective of business consulting services for users (such as company management, business owners, or stakeholders) is to obtain independent expert advice to support strategic decision-making, improve operational efficiency, and mitigate business risks. Users receive the following benefits:
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• Improved performance and efficiency: 
• Expertise-based recommendations help optimize financial processes, growth strategies, and regulatory compliance, thereby reducing costs and increasing profitability.
   
• Decision-making support: 
• Provides objective insight into complex issues such as mergers, risk management, or governance, which are difficult to address internally.
   
• Flexibility and added value: 
• Services tailored to specific needs are more cost-effective than hiring permanent experts and support good governance without the obligation of assurance.
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• Overall, these services aim to empower clients through the application of public accounting expertise, thereby fostering sustainable growth and stakeholder trust. If assurance is required, clients can combine it with audit or review services.